Legal Memorandum: Exceptions to the hearsay rule

Issue: Under the Minnesota Rules of Evidence, what are the exceptions to the hearsay rule?

Section 130-1.1 of Title 22 of the New York Codes, Rules and Regulations (NYCRR) provides information relating to the award of costs and imposition of financial sanctions for frivolous conduct in civil litigation:

Section 130-1.1 Costs; sanctions.

(a)        The court, in its discretion, may award to any party or attorney in any civil action or proceeding before the court, except where prohibited by law, costs in the form of reimbursement for actual expenses reasonably incurred and reasonable attorney’s fees, resulting from frivolous conduct as defined in this Part. In addition to or in lieu of awarding costs, the court, in its discretion may impose financial sanctions upon any party or attorney in a civil action or proceeding who engages in frivolous conduct as defined in this Part, which shall be payable as provided in section 130-1.3 of this Part. This Part shall not apply to town or village courts, to proceedings in a small claims part of any court, or to proceedings in the Family Court commenced under Article 3, 7 or 8 of the Family Court Act.

(b)        The court, as appropriate, may make such award of costs or impose such financial sanctions against either an attorney or a party to the litigation or against both. Where the award or sanction is against an attorney, it may be against the attorney personally or upon a partnership, firm, corporation, government agency, prosecutor’s […]

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